Timeline of 15th Century Inventions

Timeline of 15th Century Inventions Most people know that Johannes Gutenberg invented movable type presses during the 15th century- in 1440 to be exact. That invention, which was possibly historys greatest, made the inexpensive printing of books possible. But, many other important inventions were introduced  during this century. Below are those that top the list. Early 1400s: Golf, Music, and Painting Tiger Woods,  Arnold Palmer,  and  Jack Nicklaus  would never have walked the links without the invention of the little white ball that they smacked incredible distances. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart  could never have composed his classic concertos without a piano. And, imagine the  Renaissance  without oil painting. Yet, these world changing inventions were created in the early 1400s.   1400: Golf is thought to have originated in a game played in Scotland as early as 1400. The balls were made of wood and didnt travel very far, but at least they represented a start. Indeed, golf was so entrenched in Scotland by midcentury that in 1457,  King James II of Scotland  issued a ban  against playing the game.The earliest version of the piano, called a clavichord, came into existence this year, according to the website, Piano Play It. In 1420, the clavichord  gave way to the harpsichord and leter the spinet, which looks more like the pianos used today.1411: Technically called the matchlock, the trigger- the basic firing mechanism for a rifle or gun- first appeared this year.1410: Oil paint, itself, was actually invented in Asia sometime before the fifth century, but oil painting techniques- like those used by such great artists as  Leonardo da Vinci  and  Michelangelo- were introduced this year by  Jan van Eyck.1421: In Florence, Italy, hoisting gear was inve nted.1439/1440: Gutenberg invents the printing press. Midcentury: Printing Press, and Glasses You would not be reading this website if it were not for Gutenbergs invention of the printing press, upon which all modern typed material is based- including printed material on the web. And, many of you would not be able to read this page without glasses. The rifle also- sadly- advanced during this period. 1450: Nicholas of Cusa created spectacles of polished lenses for nearsighted people.1455: Gutenberg introduced the printing press with metal movable type, marking a turning point in world history.1465: In Germany, drypoint engravings came into existence.1475: Muzzle-loaded rifles were invented in Italy and Germany. Late 1400s: The Parachute, Flying Machines, and Whiskey Many of the ideas and devices common in modern times came into existence in this time period. Some, like the parachute or flying machines, were merely drawings inked on a page by Da Vinci. Others, such as the globe, helped humans navigate the world, and whiskey became a popular drink in the U.S. and worldwide. 1486: In Venice, the first known copyright was granted.1485: Da Vinci designed the first parachute.1487: Bell chimes were invented.1492: Da Vinci was the first to seriously theorize about flying machines.Martin Behaim invented the first map globe.1494: Whiskey was invented in Scotland. Resources and Further Reading â€Å"Early Piano History.† Edited by Ashwati Franklin, Piano Play It, 2017. Highfield, Roger. â€Å"Oil Painting Invented in Asia, Not Europe.† The Telegraph, Telegraph Media Group, 22 Apr. 2008. â€Å"The Matchlock.† The Encyclopedia of Weapons, 22 June 2011. â€Å"Oil Paint History.† Cyberlipid, Les Sites De GERLI.

The Anti-Semitic Dark Side of Martin Luther

The Anti-Semitic Dark Side of Martin Luther Without a doubt, Martin Luther is one of the most influential personas in European history. As a reformer, he played huge parts in creating the Protestant Christian Church. In translating the Bible from Latin into German, he created the foundations of the High German that is spoken in the country today. He singlehandedly made a mess out of Europe that resulted in the divide of Western Christendom leading to Luther being labeled The Great Divider. The aforementioned divide was followed by long and cruel struggles. Dukes and Kings soon had to choose whether they and their subjects would be Catholics or Protestants. These struggles finally led into the Thirty Years War. Many historians find, that Luther is to blame to some extent for a lot of pain and suffering. Martin Luthers Surprising Anti-Semitism From what we know about Martin Luther, we can tell, that he was very uncompromising and somewhat stubborn. The former monk had strong opinions on many issues and just as his views on scholarly matters, he felt urged to express them. He felt no remorse attacking his enemies and adversaries or those he deemed to belong to that category. What might come as a surprise to some, is that this category also included the followers of another major religion: the Jewish people.​​ A Hate Speech Book In 1543, Martin Luther wrote a short book called â€Å"On the Jews and their Lies†. It seems that Luther had hoped for the Jewish people to convert to Protestantism and as that didn’t happen, he was deeply disappointed. In the centuries after Luther’s death, it had no special place among his literary works or underwent particular treatment. It became quite popular in the Third Reich and was even used to justify the discrimination of Jewish people. Was Hitler a Fan? Adolf Hitler  was a declared fan of Luther and his views on the Jews. Extracts of the book were even quoted  in the propaganda movie â€Å"Jud Sà ¼ÃƒÅ¸Ã¢â‚¬  by Veit Harlan. After 1945, the book was not reprinted in Germany until 2016. The recently published edition, which was translated into modern German, proves that the reformer basically demanded the same fate for Jews that the Nazis did, with the exception of a systemic annihilation (maybe, because he could simply not fathom such a thing in the 16th  century). In earlier years, Martin Luther expressed different feelings for Jewish people, probably connected to his high hopes of them converting to Protestantism. Unsettling Views Unfortunately, the views in Luthers book reads like a manual for the National Socialist  German Workers Party  (Nazi Party). Excerpts from his works are  as follows: â€Å"(†¦) set fire to their synagogues or schools and to bury and cover with dirt whatever will not burn, so that no man will ever again see a stone or cinder of them.â€Å" But in his wrath, he not only turned against their synagogues. â€Å"I advise that their houses also be razed and destroyed. For they pursue in them the same aims as in their synagogues. Instead they might be lodged under a roof or in a barn, like the gypsies.â€Å" He propagated to take the Talmud from them and to forbid the rabbis to teach, and he wanted to prohibit Jews from traveling on the highways. â€Å"(†¦) and that all cash and treasure of silver and gold be taken from them and put aside for safekeeping.â€Å" Finally, Luther further wanted to force young Jews into manual labor.   Though â€Å"On the Jews and their Lies† is his most infamous work on Jewish people, Luther published two more texts on the matter. In the book â€Å"Vom Schem Hamphoras (Of the Unknowable Name and the Generations of Christ) he put the Jews on the same level as the devil. And in a sermon, released as â€Å"Warning Against the Jews† he stated that Jewish people should be expelled from German territories if they refused to convert to Christianity.

Financial Managment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Financial Managment - Coursework Example igh stock of debentures is usually considered unattractive to invest in for the reason that it has a higher risk especially in the times of financial volatility since only holders of debenture have priority over the company assets in such circumstances. Prudent financial management stipulates that, a business should not depend much on loan capital and debentures compared to equity capital unless it is only being employed for a very short period of time. However, these kinds of ascertaions are highly challenged by Modigliani and Miller (MM). In fact their basic hypotheses states that, in an efficient market, the nonexistence of bankruptcy costs, asymmetric information, taxes and agency costs, the business’s value is not affected by the manner in which that business is financed. According to MM, it doesn’t matter whether the capital of the firm is raised through selling debt or issuing stock. They further state that, the dividend policy of the firm also does not affect it s value. Actually, the argument of MM is straightforward; the cash flows that a corporation can make for all investors are all the same despite the capital gearing. According to them, changing the capital gearing does not in any way alter the firm’s general cash flows (Modigliani & Miller, 1958). b) Factors to consider when raising capital through preference and Debentures i. The Board Operation Although preference shares do not have much effect on the company’s management, debentures do have. This is based on the fact that, a business with external investors needs to be run in a manner that goes in line with the aspirations of debenture holders. With this in mind, it may be quite impossible to manage a company where the lifestyle of directors is the only central part behind the business... This paper approves that the company’s declared objective is to maximize shareholder wealth. In principle, a variety of dividend policies is consistent with this aim depending on factors such as the tax position of the clientele and whether dividend policy has been used to convey information to the market. Pavlon has followed a remarkably consistent dividend policy, adhering to a constant payout ratio. At the time of listing, it would presumably have stated its dividend policy in its prospectus and unless specified otherwise, shareholders would have been justified in expecting continuation of this policy. A switch in dividend policy so soon after listing is certain to offend at least some portion of its clientele. This essay makes a conclusion that The stand point of Director C is based on the argument that all shareholder amounts and returns on investments should always be ploughed back to create more wealth. Besides, his argument to maintain dividend is aimed at boosting more capital for the company and evade on paying taxes on some taxable dividends. For instance, the Director seem to have considered the rate of taxes on both capital gains which at times is not taxed and dividends which are usually taxed at the incomes marginal rate. However, with this process shareholders stand too loose more than if they were given the dividends. First, continuously retaining shares in the company without a close follow up on the performance of the company may create a scenario where the company managers will be having easy cash at their disposal to squander.

Biofuel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Biofuel - Essay Example Biofuels have existed since the 1970s. Before 2010, every international commercial biofuels plant was either a biodiesel or a first generation ethanol. The United States of America has been termed to be the world’s largest producer of ethanol. Back in 2009, the USA produced approximately 10.5 billion gallons of ethanol using corn. Brazil comes in second producing eight billion gallons of ethanol using sugarcane. It is strange to see that in a world where there is scarcity of food, there is a massive use of water resources and land in growing crops for the production biofuels. According to the United Nations, the up-and-coming biofuels industry may risk the rising of food prices. In line with the UN-Energy report: Sustainable Energy: a Frame Work for Decision Makers, it states that biofuels production has already driven up maize prices between the year 2006 and 2007. The report also states that biofuels possibly would have a dual consequence on food supplies. Alternatively, suc h crops could avert water, land as well as other resources away from the production of food. The report quotes that unless policies are formed and endorsed to guard threatened lands, push bioenergy development in sustainable direction in general and secure communally acceptable land use, the social and environmental damage could in some cases overshadow the benefits. A key argument exists on the scope to which policies of biofuels have contributed to high volatility and agricultural prices levels. A current study meant for the International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development illustrates that market driven growth of ethanol in United States’ increased corn prices by 21% in 2009,compared to the prices that would prevailing if the production of ethanol had been frozen in 2004. Lester R. Brown stated that by converting the whole grain harvest of the Americans would only generate 16% of its auto fuel wants, energy markets are efficiently positioned in opposition with foo d markets for limited arable land, consequential in a higher food price. A large number of R&D efforts are at present being positioned to the production of 2nd generation biofuels from waste, crop residues and non food crops. Second generation biofuels may possibly merge farming for fuel and food and in addition electricity could be produced simultaneously, this could be beneficial to third world countries as well as the rural areas in the developing countries (Desilva, 4). Strengths Renewability: Biofuels are easy to renew compared to fossil fuels which take relatively long time. This is because new crops are planted and their waste material is gathered. Cost: Biofuels are significantly less expensive compared to gasoline. This is true since increased worldwide demand for oil dwindles oil supplies hence biofuels becoming the only option. Security: Since biofuels

Civil and Criminal Actions Essay Example for Free

Civil and Criminal Actions Essay Civil and criminal actions involve important aspects of the justice system, but the way in which each action is dealt with is different. In the early phases of the development of the laws, civil and criminal actions were dealt with in the same manner. Over time, law makers have developed differences in these two actions. The differences between them can be made by who prosecutes the cases, the details of the cases, and the outcomes sought in the cases. Civil actions involve differences between people where a person feels that another person’s actions caused him harm. According to Simmons (2008), most of the tort (civil) law is governed by a negligence standard. The object of civil actions is to address the harmful actions committed against a plaintiff by enforcing compensation from the defendant. The goal of civil actions is for the defendant to compensate and pay damages the plaintiff feels was incurred on him. Civil law cases can be brought before the state courts or the federal courts. (Simmons, 2008) In civil actions, the plaintiff usually files the case with the court. The attorneys for both parties will present their arguments to the court as to why they believe that the plaintiff or defendant should win in the case. The burden of proof comes from the plaintiff and the defendant must be able to disprove the evidence by the plaintiff. In civil cases, a vote of only 9 of 12 jurors is needed for a defendant to be found guilty. If the defendant is found guilty, the judge then determines the amount of damage or punitive damage cost that the defendant must pay to the plaintiff. (Simmons, 2008) Criminal actions do not require harm as a prerequisite. Criminal actions involve the breaking of laws and criminal offenses. The object of criminal actions is to address the crime that was committed by the defendant. The goal of criminal actions is to determine the guilt or innocence of the defendant and to punish him if he is found guilty of the crime. Criminal cases can be brought before local, state, or federal courts. (Criminal Cases, 2013) In criminal cases, the government brings charges against the defendant. The defendant who is charged with the crime is given a formal charge called and indictment or a charge called an information. The charges are usually presented at the arraignment. A preliminary hearing is then held with the judge to determine if there is enough evidence to prosecute the defendant. After the preliminary hearing, a defendant who has been charged with a felony may go before a grand jury. The grand jury determines if the defendant should be charged with the crime. The jury trial then proceeds where a prosecutor or United States attorney will prosecute the case and the defendant will have an attorney to represent him. (Criminal Cases, 2013) In criminal cases, the burden of proof lies with the prosecutor. The prosecutor must prove that the defendant is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. After all arguments are presented to the jury, the jury will deliberate and determine if the defendant is guilty or innocent. A unanimous verdict is required in criminal cases for the verdict from the jury. If the defendant is found to be innocent, then he is released. If the defendant is found to be guilty, the judge will set a date for a sentencing. Sentencing in criminal cases is jail time and/or fines. (Criminal Cases, 2013) An example of a case that involves criminal actions and civil actions is if Brian intentionally hits Robert with his car. Brian and Robert have an argument because Robert is having an affair with Brian’s wife. Brian then gets into his car and hits Robert with the car. Robert is taken to the hospital with injuries and dies. Brian committed a crime or actus reus. Brian’s actions also included mens rea. Brian had a specific intent of causing harm to Robert and he purposely hit Robert with his car. (Lippman, 2007) According to Georgia law, Brian can be charged with murder in this case. The classification of the murder would be a felony. A felony is described as a crime that carries a punishment of imprisonment of more than one year. Brian will be charged with first degree murder in criminal court. First degree murder is when a person deliberately kills another person. Brian’s crime is mala in se meaning that the crime was dangerous for human life. Brian’s crime resulted in the death of Robert. (Georgia Code, 2013) After Brian is tried on criminal charges in the murder of Robert, Robert’s family can bring a civil case against Brian because of the harm that he did to Robert. Brian is a wealthy doctor so Robert’s family can sue for compensation to be paid to them for Robert’s death. The civil case can be filed and handled in federal court.

Comparing Fate in Virgils Aeneid and Homers Iliad :: comparison compare contrast essays

Fate in Virgil's Aeneid and Homer's Iliad      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Virgil's Aeneid and Homer's Iliad, a picture of the supernatural and its workings was created.   In both works, there is a concept of a fixed order of events which is called fate.   Fate involves two parts.   First, there are laws that govern certain parts of mens' lives, such as human mortality and an afterlife.   Second, fate deals with the inevitable outcome of certain events, outcomes that cannot be changed by men or gods.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Both Homer and Virgil allude to the existence of unchangeable laws, one of which is the mortality of human beings.   This can be seen by the fact that character after character dies during war.   In Virgil's Aeneid, Aeneas journeys to Hades to visit his father.   During his stay, he talks to a large number of the warriors that have died in the Trojan War.   The death of these warriors shows the mortality of human beings (Forman 2015).   Another unchangeable law is the period of limbo that is said to await the souls of the unburied after death. Homer indicates this law by writing of Patroklos' spirit's return to remind Achilles that, until he has been properly buried, he must wander the earth. These events show Virgil's and Homer's belief in laws that cannot be changed (Strong 62).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second element of Fate deals with the unalterable predestined occurrence of certain events.   One example of such an event is the fall of Troy. According to Homer, the destruction of Troy was foretold in Hekuba's dream that her son, Paris, would be the cause.   This prophecy was confirmed by a seer. Although Hekuba tried to avert the disaster by attempting to have Paris killed, fate overcame and Troy was destroyed as a result of Paris' judgment concerning the golden apple of discord (Strong 15-16).   Virgil also writes about a similar situation when Venus pleads with Jupiter to help Aeneas with his journey.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Meanwhile, on Olympus, Venus, the mother of Aeneas, berates Jupiter for allowing her son to be persecuted in such a manner.   Jupiter calms her and reminds her of the many prophecies concerning her son and his progeny: how he will found the city of Lavinium in Latium and win a great war; how his son

Absolutism in 17th Century Europe

Absolutism in Europe changed the role of nobility completely in every country. For example, in France, nobles lost a lot of their power due to Louis XIV and his predecessors; also, in Eastern Europe, rulers such as Frederick William of Prussia changed the status of the nobility with his polices. In France, starting with Henry IV, the status of nobility started to fall when Henry started the idea of â€Å"nobles of the robe† in which middle class citizens could buy nobility from the king. This diluted the nobles, which weakened their power and hurt them considerably.Louis XIII and his son continued this and took more of their power away as well. Cardinal Richelieu started the intendant system, which recruited members of the middle class t watch the nobles and report back to the king. This took away power from the nobles to have less influence in the government of France. Continuing the intendant system, Louis XIV had also built the palace of Versailles and forced the nobles to move in. This caused the nobles to fight for the attention of the king and they focused less on the issues of France.Also, living in the palace of the king, one could always watch the nobles to make sure they weren't planning, for example, an uprising. In conclusion, French kings took steps to ensure absolute power and took away the power of the nobles. In Eastern Europe, however, the nobility was dealt with in a different way. For example, in Prussia, nobles gave power to Frederick William for a few reasons: one, to stop Swedish and Polish influence; second, to stop the invasion of Tartars from Russia.For this decision, nobles lost political power in Prussia, but in 1653, Frederick William gave them more power in something else, controlling serfs: he allowed a hereditary subjugation of the serfs in order to appease the Junkers, or noble class. While Frederick William was in power, he believed in a strong, standing army. He increased military spending through taxation, which was twi ce the amount of Louis XIV. He forced the Prussian nobility to pay the taxes by having soldiers act as tax collectors and policemen.This effectively decreased the power of the nobility by seizing power for the king. In conclusion, Frederick William took away power from the nobles, while also giving them power over other areas, such as serfdom. Absolutism in Europe differed from East to West. How the power of the nobles was affected depended on the king and the area of the country, such as Louis XIV of France or Frederick William of Prussia. Each king had their own ways of effectively limiting the political power of the nobles.

Transport Is Important Since It Enables Trade Between People, Which in Turn Establishes Civilizations

Transport is important since it enables trade between people, which in turn establishes civilizations Is the choice of transport important? There are many kinds of transport, such as : air, water and rail. Transport is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another. It is important since it enables trade between people, which in turn establishes civilizations. Transportation in the past was slower and harder to access. Not everybody could afford transportation. Now transportation is faster, easily available, and most people have access to it, such as public transportation.In spite of similarities between air and rail transport, there are greater differences like speed, rules and price. The most obvious similarity lies in the their role. Air and rail transport were invented for movement from one location to another. Day after day we use both of them. Actually it is very useful for us. Relocation of travelers and cargo are the most common uses of transport. Howe ver, other uses exist, such as the strategic and tactical relocation of armed forces during warfare, or the civilian mobility construction or emergency equipment.Despite their similarity in role, they have some differences which shows us that they are mostly different. According to the article â€Å"Transportation Then and Now† we can see that the price of air transport is more expensive than rail. Because of this some people can’t allow themselves to use air transport. In contrast, the are some reasons to pay such price and as a result the price proves its’ quality. In average the price of air transport bigger than rail for about 40% Another difference between them is the rules. As we know, each industry has its own rules.However, air transport has more rules than rail. For example in airplane you should absolutely follow all rules. In spite of this fact rail rules are also very important, but air transport includes to be more careful. The final and most import ant difference is that most long distance travel is by air. Despite an extensive road and rail network, the fastest way to travel is by air. The aircraft is the second fastest method of transport, after the rocket. Commercial jets can reach up to 955 kilometres per hour (593 mph), single-engine aircraft 555 kilometres per hour (345 mph).However, modern high-speed rail is capable of speeds up to 350  km/h (220  mph), but this requires specially built track. In conclusion, according to this facts. The results illustrate us that air and rail transport have more differences than similarities. The price of air transport is more expensive than rail. Even though these types of transportation existed, they were very different from what we use today. Not everybody could afford transportation. Now transportation is faster, easily available, and most people have access to it, such as public transportation.

No More Conventional Antonyms

No More Conventional Antonyms No More Conventional Antonyms No More Conventional Antonyms By Maeve Maddox One of the innovations of Newspeak, the version of English used by the totalitarian government in Orwell’s dystopic novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, was the elimination of antonyms. A writer at the Oxford Dictionaries site explains: By choosing which words the populace can use, The Party can choose to shift thought in a more positive or negative direction to suit their needs;  ungood, for example, makes the populace feel less negative than  bad  would In 2015, some of the populace seem to be choosing to add un- to adjectives like good and rich rather than look for conventional antonyms: The Rich Are Less Ethical Than the Unrich [A Resort] Like Palm Springs, only for unrich people The government is clearly pandering to the masses, i.e. the unrich people. Few fanfic writers actually write good stories. Some are unrealistic, unplanned, ungood stories.   I was all set to move to Erdington until last night [when] I found some  ungood stories about the area I will be living in. In the end, the good outweighed the  ungood and Im happy I chose this  place. Ill be traveling light when it comes time for me to cross, when I cross†¦ This unwide road†¦ (song lyrics) . Abercrombie Fitch chief executive Mike Jeffries [issued] a half-baked apology for his incendiary comments on why the unthin, the unyoung and the unbeautiful dont belong in AF clothes. As a stylistic device, words like unthin and unbeautiful can be used to humorous effect. Adding un- to words in an effort to obscure meaning or avoid thought, on the other hand, is not an option for writers who wish to be taken seriously. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph ExamplesIs There a Reason â€Å"the Reason Why† Is Considered Wrong?Prepositions to Die With

What to Do If Your College Friend Is Bullied

What to Do If Your College Friend Is Bullied In this article we’re going to take a look at some â€Å"safe plays† you can depend on should a bullying issue come up with someone you’re close to. These days it’s no joke. Our point here is to make sure you’re informed and you can cover your freaking ass as well. And, with that said let’s get right to it. 1 Examine Whether It’s an Isolated Incident or an Issue Honestly, saying the word â€Å"bully† these days on campus is like saying â€Å"bomb† on an airplane. People don’t just go throwing it around or jumping to conclusions. If your friend hasn’t been roughed up physically, then take the time to evaluate the matter closely. Was is coincidental or situational in nature? Is it likely to happen again, or has it been going on for a while? Is your friend overreacting†¦honestly? Furthermore, the last thing you want to do is to cause a bunch of drama or potentially label someone a bully only to find out that it was all just a big misunderstanding. And secondly, people today need to be a little more resilient. Sometimes these situations are points in the road that define our characters. Confrontations, if they don’t get violent, are a part of life. If it’s an issue, confront your friend about it. If a serious physical, emotional, psychological or verbal abuse is taking place, then you need to confront not the bully, but your friend about it. What’s up? How long has this been going on? How serious is it? Why haven’t they stood up for themselves yet, or if they have, why haven’t they sought help up to this point? Let’s be honest, many times it’s the weaker that get picked on. Weaker in many different senses of the word, not just physically. This type of treatment wears down on us and takes its toll, especially when we’re younger. 2 Figure Out If It’s Possible to Confront the Bully Without Making Things Worse No, you shouldn’t â€Å"confront† anyone on a social media channel. That’s just downright childish. Confrontations should ideally happen in controlled and safe or public environments where a physical encounter (otherwise known as big trouble) can be avoided. Is it possible to simply confront this person and in the matter of fact ask, â€Å"Why are you bullying me/my friend?† Put them on the spot. Don’t be afraid to confront them publically if they are indeed a bully and no one has had the guts to do it yet. Oftentimes this can be the wakeup call that â€Å"bullies† which are human being too, need. But, if it’s likely to cause trouble or just doesn’t seem like the smart play then avoid the person or group and skip to the next strategy. There’s no reason to put your or your friends safety at risk. If the goal is revenge, or is anger-based then step back and take a deep breath. These days is this really something you want to risk? Colleges are deathly afraid of bad press, and bullying is a paramount issue that no colleges want to be attached to. 3 Take Advantage of Any College Mediation Counselors or Services Chances are your college has mediation counselors and services that can pretty much take care of the situation for you. They’ll arrange the confrontation in a highly controlled environment. 9 times out of 10 mediation services get things worked out without more trouble. And, there’s absolutely no shame in turning to them. Again, â€Å"bullying† is like kryptonite. Everyone wants to avoid it. These people are trained to solve problems. If you’re a freshmen or sophomore living in dorms there’s probably a mediation counselor for your dorm. Regardless, the perpetrator will know afterwards that they’re on watch and their college career is now â€Å"on the radar† so make sure that contacting mediation services is warranted. 4 Don’t Even Think About Retaliating in a Way That Will Create a Much Bigger Problem To be blunt, the cops could so easily get involved and if they do then you’re in for some serious trouble if you’re a part of the shenanigans. And here’s the elephant in the room: school shootings. The sad fact is that they’re way too common these days they’re oftentimes connected to some form of bullying. No one’s saying you’ll do anything like that, but if you or your friend start talking tough or saying retarded things about retaliating someone is likely to take you at your word, call the cops and you could have a full-on swat team invade your dorm room. This is serious! Don’t retaliate. Be an adult and do things the right way. And, if your friend is out looking for trouble that could jeopardize your life and your goals, then maybe you should reexamine your friendship? What do you think?

Mount Saint Helen's Video (Back from the Dead) Essay

Mount Saint Helen's Video (Back from the Dead) - Essay Example According to researchers the mountain is categorized as a composite volcano due to its characteristics, emanating from the cone shape and also the composition of the mountain’s layers which include lava, ash and volcanic debris. The mountain was symmetrical before its eruption; it also commanded a considerable height. As indicated earlier the effects of the Mt. St. Helens eruption caused losses, in economical and geographical spheres. According to the information collected, the destruction spread to an area of more than 500 square kilometers. The lava emitted flowed and covered the area indicated above, bringing about destruction to the existing vegetation, killing the animals located within the area, and also displacing a lot of people from the region (Carson p 79). According to research, 57 people died, the group included inhabitants of the region, scientists and geologists. Historical data clearly shows that the area had been locked up to prohibit the entry of residents, si nce scientists had made a conclusion that the mountain was at its dormant stage. As the video clearly indicates, the respondents interviewed through the documentary are not certain whether the mountain will erupt within the coming years. Indications from the remnant vegetation and land cover only attests to the magnitude of the eruption. The process started with a gradual occurrence which proceeded to a bigger result. The process began with a series of earthquakes being experienced from the bottom part of the mountain. As the number of earthquakes increased the mountain erupted releasing ash and steam. After the eruption, a continued earthquake process and the bulging of the northern part of the mountain clearly indicated that magma was moving up, through the vent (Carson p 124). As the bulge continued, the continued earthquake action led to the busting of the northern compartment of the mountain, triggering the sliding of ice and rocks down the mountain. Consequently after the viol ent earthquake action, the mountain erupted releasing gases, magma and water from the northern side where the bulge had been spotted. The eruption triggered the acceleration of the molten rock, hot rock and ash all over the surface. The effects of the eruption can be accounted for, through the covering of the nearby basins and lakes. Other forms of disturbances are accounted for through classification into various disturbance zones where the effect was witnessed. The first disturbance zone is the flow of the pyroclasticmaterial through the face of the mountain. This process generally involved the flow of pumice and gas through the crater into the overlooking land. This flow caused destruction to the existing organism, with both the vegetation and organic organisms not spared. Debris thrust from the crater also cascaded down the mountain, with avalanches also being witnessed. The second disturbance zone, also known as the northern debris avalanche was witnessed soon after the norther n region of the mountain collapsed due to the bulging of the surface. The debris collected from the collapsed material formed into a large mound which caused a large landslide, which according to the historical evidences indicates that it was the largest land slide witnessed. After the landslide had been experienced, the ice found at the peak of the mountain melted into water which combined with other materials such as sand, boulders and other debris to form a thick material,

General motors transnational strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

General motors transnational strategy - Essay Example General motors’ is a multinational organization with and have factories manufacturing vehicles and vehicle accessories in at least 37 countries and has 10 established brands (Pelfrey 2006: 129). The company was the leading automotive seller for 77 years which is the longest time that any automotive company has dominated the automotive industry (Holstein 2010). However, the company was seriously affected by the 2008 economic crisis which led to it closing three of her brands. Since 2008, the company has been observed to continue declining in terms of revenue earned.The data needed for this research will be collected by analyzing different papers that have been written regarding the strategies written by general motors and also scrutinizing its financial performance from the company annual reports. There are many studies that have been conducted to analyze GM performance.Expected resultsThis has resulted in creation of competition among different brands thus the company ends up sabotaging its own products (Husted & Allen 2011: 49). The structure is also vertically organized which inhibits communication between the top managers and the employees. This has resulted in a lot of labor union problem which has affected the company productivity (Crumm 2010: 267). GM has also failed to cater for the needs of the customer by developing alternative fuel vehicles in this age of energy crisis. Nevertheless, the company has been successful in entering emerging markets such as China and this has improved its global presence.